This paper examines whether topical medical treatment after cautery or other microsurgery of the uterine cervix improves repair, and it focuses on the contribution of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN). The work reports an initial controlled clinical trial involving 116 patients who received kanamycin sulphate alternating with PDRN vaginal suppositories and 124 control subjects. It then describes a controlled double-blind trial in which kanamycin sulphate was alternated with placebo and compared with PDRN at different dosages. According to the title, the experience came from a center for early diagnosis of genital neoplasms, and the participants were patients receiving treatment after cervical cauterization. Subjective outcomes included leukorrhea, bloody discharge, odorous discharge, vaginal discharge lasting more than three weeks, itching, pain, and burning. Colposcopic outcomes included Schiller test reactivity, the location of the squamo-columnar junction, abnormal transformation zones, vascular striae, deepithelialized areas, and frail epithelium. In the initial comparison, these subjective and colposcopic parameters were more favorable in the treated group. The only colposcopic result that was less favorable in the treated group was phlogosis. In the later double-blind comparison, treated patients showed an increase in the number of epithelial cells, and fibroblasts responded better at the higher doses. The authors conclude that the post-cautery treatment schedule was effective and that PDRN was particularly useful. The abstract does not provide effect sizes, statistical tests, or the sample size of the double-blind trial, and it does not state the duration of follow-up. These gaps limit interpretation of the magnitude and durability of the reported benefits, and the findings should be generalized cautiously beyond the described center and population.
Evidence library
All PDRN studies we have collected, each labelled with an explicit evidence level. Retracted and corrected studies are kept in a separate group.
Last updated · 228 studies indexed · 10 retracted or corrected
Study results
The trial examined whether topical placental polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), delivered as vaginal suppositories, could improve cervical ectopy and ectropion and whether the mass of the preparation affected acceptability and patient preference. Twenty outpatients aged 18-45 yrs with cervical ectropion received PDRN in a randomized comparison of two preparations, which were 5 g and 10 g. Both contained the same amount of active component, 5 mg, so the comparison tested the effect of excipient mass rather than a difference in PDRN dose. The abstract reports that both preparations produced eutrophic and antiphlogistic effects and a remarkable reduction of leukorrhea. It does not provide separate efficacy results for the 5 g and 10 g groups, numerical leukorrhea outcomes, or statistical tests. Patients preferred the 5 g suppositories because they were easier to handle and because the smaller vaginal discharge after administration was more acceptable. According to the authors, using fewer excipients in the newer tablets enhanced compliance and prolonged contact between the drug and the vaginal walls, which they interpret as greater bioavailability. The report is limited to a short abstract with no sample-size calculation, no adverse-event data, no blinding details, and no numerical comparison between preparations. It also does not specify the duration of treatment, the method of randomization, or the exact clinical criteria used to judge ectropion and leukorrhea. Consequently, the findings support patient preference for the lower-mass preparation, but they do not establish a dose-response relationship or provide quantitative evidence of superiority. The applicability is restricted to adult women with cervical ectropion treated with vaginal PDRN suppositories, and the results may not extend to other PDRN formulations, other cervical conditions, or longer treatment periods.
This study examined whether combining air-botulinum neurotoxin injections with polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) improves acne scar outcomes more than either treatment alone. The authors describe a prospective, open-label, randomized investigation involving 17 participants with Grade 2-5 acne scars. Participants were allocated to 3 groups: air-botulinum toxin alone, PDRN alone, and both interventions. Injections were administered at baseline and subsequent scheduled visits, with later follow-up and assessment. The main outcome was scar severity measured with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), supplemented by patient satisfaction surveys and safety monitoring. The combination group showed the largest improvement, with a 12.0-point reduction in POSAS scores. The air-botulinum toxin group had a 9.0-point reduction, while the PDRN group had a 6.1-point reduction. Patient satisfaction was highest in the combination group. All treatments were reportedly well tolerated; adverse effects were minor and included mild swelling and redness. The authors conclude that air-botulinum toxin plus PDRN is promising for acne scar management and may offer greater efficacy than single treatments. They call for further research to confirm the findings and refine treatment protocols. Important limitations are the small sample, open-label design, and single-study scope, so the results should be considered preliminary. The abstract does not report statistical significance, effect variability, or detailed subgroup analyses.
Purpose: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested whether polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) eye drops, compared with placebo, improve corneal epithelial healing after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopic and myopic-astigmatic defects. Efficacy was judged mainly by how corneal re-epithelialization progressed, while tolerability of the eye drops was assessed as a secondary endpoint. Subjects and comparison: Sixty eyes formed the study sample, divided at random between standard therapy with placebo eye drops (30 eyes) and standard therapy with PDRN eye drops (30 eyes). Examinations took place before surgery and on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 of follow-up. Six eyes dropped out, four in the PDRN group and two in the placebo group, for reasons unrelated to the study. Results: On day 2, the abstract reports a disepithelialized area of 8.4 mm2 9.2 (mean SD) for controls and 6.0 mm2 6.8 for the PDRN group. On day 3, complete corneal re-epithelialization was present in 20 out of 26 (77%) eyes in the PDRN group and in 17 out of 28 (61%) eyes in the placebo group, with p<0.05 in percentage terms. The mean corneal evaluation score on day 3 was 2.9 in the PDRN group and 3.75 in the control group (p<0.05 between groups). By day 7, all eyes appeared completely re-epithelialized, and no adverse events occurred. Limitations: The authors call the work a pilot study and state that a much larger clinical study is needed to prove the results. The abstract does not describe randomization or allocation-concealment methods, baseline characteristics of the participants, or the number of participating centers. Applicability is therefore limited to the reported short follow-up, and the findings require confirmation in a larger trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested whether polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) eye drops improve corneal epithelial healing after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) performed for myopic and myopic-astigmatic defects. The primary efficacy endpoint was the evolution of corneal re-epithelialization, and tolerability of PDRN eye drops was a secondary endpoint. Sixty eyes were randomly allocated to standard therapy plus placebo eye drops (30 eyes) or standard therapy plus PDRN eye drops (30 eyes). Assessments occurred before surgery and on days 1, 2, 3, and 7. Six eyes dropped out, four in the PDRN group and two in the placebo group, for reasons unrelated to the study. On day 2, the disepithelialized area was 8.4 mm2+/-9.2 (mean+/-SD) in controls and 6.0 mm2+/-6.8 in the PDRN group. On day 3, complete corneal re-epithelialization occurred in 20 out of 26 (77%) eyes in the PDRN group and 17 out of 28 (61%) eyes in the placebo group, with p<0.05 in percentage terms. The mean corneal evaluation score on day 3 was 2.9 in the PDRN group and 3.75 in the control group, with p<0.05 between groups. By day 7, all eyes appeared completely re-epithelialized. No adverse events were reported. PDRN eye drops were given four times a day and were well tolerated during re-epithelialization. The authors concluded that PDRN stimulates corneal epithelium regeneration after PRK but noted that a much larger clinical study is needed to confirm results from this pilot study. Limitations include the pilot design, the loss of participants to follow-up, and the short follow-up through day 7.
The study examined whether polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) could promote healing at donor sites created for skin explants during plastic surgery. It used a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot design. The participants were 26 adults of both sexes who had undergone skin explants. They were randomly assigned to PDRN (14 patients) or placebo (12 patients). PDRN was given at 5625 mg/vial by intramuscular injection once daily, with subcutaneous administration of the same dosage form over a short course; the placebo group followed the same routes and schedule. The primary efficacy endpoint was donor-site wound healing, assessed through wound surface area and the calculated percentage of re-epithelialisation. Secondary endpoints were local pain and itching, together with perilesional erythema and blisters, all quantified on an analogue scale. At day 7, the PDRN group showed a statistically significant improvement in re-epithelialisation (p < 0.008). At the end of the observational period, between-group comparison indicated a more prompt trophic effect among PDRN-treated patients. The trial reported no adverse events. The authors concluded that PDRN positively modified repair at donor sites of autologous skin grafts, with possible improvement in clinical outcome and a reduced need for additional therapy or hospital stay. Limitations include the pilot sample size, limited reporting of follow-up duration and numerical effect estimates, and uncertain applicability beyond this donor-site setting.
The study compared the efficacy and safety of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injection with corticosteroid injection for plantar fasciitis. In this prospective randomized clinical study, 44 patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly allocated to the PDRN and corticosteroid groups. Pain was evaluated with the visual analogue scale (VAS), and foot function was assessed with the Manchester-Oxford foot questionnaire (MOXFQ) at baseline, 1, 2, 6weeks and 6months. Ultrasonography recorded plantar fascia thickness and echogenicity, and complications were monitored. Corticosteroid injection produced greater pain relief than PDRN injection at 2 (p=0.010) and 6weeks (p=0.016), but it was not superior at 6months (p=0.523). MOXFQ results showed similar outcomes between the groups. Plantar fascia thickness and echogenicity did not differ between the groups, and no complications were reported in either group. The authors concluded that PDRN injection could be an effective and safe option for plantar fasciitis and was comparable to corticosteroid injection after 6months follow up. The findings apply to the randomized comparison reported here, with follow-up through 6months. The abstract does not provide information on allocation concealment, blinding, or a sample-size calculation, so the strength of the reported comparison cannot be fully judged from the available text. The abstract also does not report the number of patients in each group or losses to follow-up.
This randomized controlled trial compared three conservative strategies for chronic lateral epicondylitis of the elbow: extensor muscle strengthening exercise with counterforce braces alone, the same exercise combined with polydeoxyribonucleotide injection, and exercise combined with extracorporeal shockwave therapy. Sixty-three patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis were enrolled and randomly allocated to three groups: exercise only (G1), exercise plus PDRN injection (G2), and exercise plus ESWT (G3). All participants were taught to perform the strengthening exercise at the first out-patient department visit. Group 2 received an injection of 3 mL PDRN (5.625 mg/3 mL), whereas group 3 received ESWT at that same visit. The trial assessed visual analog scale pain scores, Mayo elbow performance scores (MEPS), and ultrasonographic findings before treatment and at 6 weeks and 12 weeks afterward. All three groups showed improvement in overall functional scores and ultrasonographic findings after treatment. The mean MEPS in group 2 improved more than in groups 1 and 3 at 6 weeks, with reported values of 56.9>62.4 for G1, 54.3>65.0 for G2, and 55.7>62.6 for G3. At 12 weeks, group 2 improved more than group 1, with values of 56.9>67.9 for G1 and 54.3>73.6 for G2. The mean common extensor tendon depth (CETD) on ultrasonography in group 2 increased more than in groups 1 and 3 at both 6 and 12 weeks. At 6 weeks, CETD values were 0.385>0.386 for G1, 0.332>0.392 for G2, and 0.334>0.357 for G3; at 12 weeks, they were 0.385>0.409 for G1, 0.332>0.438 for G2, and 0.334>0.405 for G3, measured in cm. The authors concluded that PDRN injections combined with exercise produced greater improvement in mean MEPS and mean CETD than exercise alone or exercise with ESWT for lateral epicondylitis within the 12 weeks of follow-up. The abstract does not report the sample size per group, adverse events, or longer-term outcomes beyond this follow-up period, so the scope of applicability is limited to the reported short-term comparison.
This randomized controlled trial examined whether early postoperative polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injections can prevent hypertrophic scarring after open thyroidectomy, a surgical setting in which scar formation is a relevant concern. The study enrolled 44 patients, who were randomly assigned to a PDRN treatment group or an untreated control group. Only participants in the treatment arm received two consecutive PDRN injections on postoperative days 1 and 2. Assessments at 3 months after surgery included the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), patients' subjective symptoms, erythema index (EI), melanin index (MI), and scar height. The treatment group had lower mVSS scores than the control group, at 1.619 ± 1.244 versus 2.500 ± 1.540 (p = 0.059). The vascularity subscore was significantly lower with PDRN, at 0.476 ± 0.512 versus 0.900 ± 0.447 (p = 0.010). Subjective symptom levels, EI, and scar height were also significantly reduced in the PDRN group compared with the control group. No side effects specifically related to PDRN injection were observed. The abstract characterizes the trial as the first clinical study in which PDRN injections reduced postsurgical wound erythema and excessive scar formation, and concludes that early injection is effective and safe for preventing hypertrophic scars and improving scar outcomes. Applicability is limited to patients undergoing open thyroidectomy, and the abstract reports only a 3-month follow-up. It also does not provide details on blinding, allocation concealment, or the specific subjective-symptom measure, so the strength of the randomized design cannot be fully appraised from the available text.
This prospective randomised trial examined whether polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injection could relieve chronic plantar fasciitis and avoid injection-related complications. Forty patients with a clinical diagnosis of plantar fasciitis were assigned to PDRN injection or normal saline placebo, with 20 participants in each arm. Both groups received weekly injections for three weeks. Evaluators compared foot pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) at baseline, four weeks, and 12 weeks; complications were also monitored. The PDRN arm showed significant within-group improvement in VAS and MOXFQ scores by four weeks, and the improvement persisted through 12 weeks. The placebo arm showed no significant improvement at either time point. Baseline scores were similar between arms. At four weeks, PDRN scores were better than placebo scores, but the difference was not statistically significant. By 12 weeks, PDRN scores were significantly better than placebo scores. No injection-related complications such as itching, urticaria, redness, or infection signs were observed in either arm. The authors concluded that PDRN injection is effective and safe and may be considered for plantar fasciitis. Limitations include the small sample, the absence of reported effect sizes or confidence intervals, and follow-up restricted to 12 weeks; longer-term and broader applicability remain undetermined.
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